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2016 上海 英語試卷 考生注意： 1. 考試時間120分鐘, 試卷滿分150分。 2. 本考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第I卷（第1－12頁）和第II卷（第13頁），全卷共13頁。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或寫（非選擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。 答題前,務必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名,并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上,在答題紙反而清楚地填寫 姓名。 第I卷(共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 真題： 1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing. 2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th. 3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer. 4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store. 5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat. C. She wasn’t interested in the show. D. She didn’t get a favourable seat. 6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast. C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast. 7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes. 8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer. C. The man may have another chance. D. The man can apply for the job again. 9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street. C. A vehicle is polluting the air. D. The man is reading a report online. 10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying. C. It deserves an award. D. It is good except for the scary part. 原文： 1. M: Sue, what do you think of the new shopping center? W: I went there yesterday, and it is not as good as I expected. Q: What does the woman think of the shopping center? 2. M: How long will we stay at the camp? W: We’ll stay there for one night. That means we will leave the camp on August 7. Q: When will the speakers arrive at the camp? 3. M: We are famous for our barbecue pork with rice. Would you like to have some? W: Ah, I don’t think so. I am not a big fan of barbecue pork. Q: Who is most probably the man? 4. M: Can I stay here for just another minute? I really need to look up something on Shakespeare. W: Sorry. Everyone is supposed to put books back to the shelf when the closing bell is sounded. Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place? 5.M: Wasn’t the show any good? W: The show was good, but I can hardly see the stage from my seat. Q: What does the woman mean? 6.M: Do you have your breakfast, lunch and dinner at the cafeteria? W: I have lunch and dinner there, but I always skip breakfast. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 7．M: Are you going to put the seeds of tomatoes into the soil, too? W: I think there is plenty of space to the right of the cucumbers. Q: Where are the speakers most probably doing? 8. M: The Morrison Company turned down my application. I don’t know how I can do it without a job. W: Well, don’t take it so hard. Something else will turn up. Q: What does the woman mean? 9. W: Good morning! This is the Clean Air Hotline. May I help you? M: Yes, I’d like to report a smoky vehicle running on King Street. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 10. W: I think the film is good because it is scary and the special effects are amazing. M: It will deserve an award if it weren’t for the last part. Q: What does the man think of the film? 答案與解析： 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A 1.D. It is disappointing. 話題分布: 日常交流，意見詢問 提問類型: 概括推測類 應試技巧：關鍵詞組把握 難度評價：偏簡單 本題主要考詞組not as…as的把握�？忌胁豢陕牭絞ood就選擇了錯誤的答案，not as good as I expected的意思為“不如我想象中好”，所以負面情緒disappointing 是正確的。 2. B. On August 6th. 話題分布: 詢問時間 提問類型: 細節推測類 應試技巧：把握兩個時間細節進行推測 難度評價：偏簡單 本題主考時間細節，再做簡單推測即可。根據題目可以得知說話者是8月7日離開，并且只待一晚，不難得出他們是8月6日到達營地。 3. A. A waiter 話題分布: 餐飲類，食物推薦 提問類型: 概括推測類 應試技巧：聽清關鍵詞barbecue pork，Would you like…? 餐飲禮貌用語。 難度評價：偏簡單 本題從男士的語氣以及文本內容來看， 知道男士在做食品推薦，很可惜被顧客拒絕了，從而推斷該男士的職業是 waiter 等詞。 4. B . In a library 話題分布: 校園學習類 提問類型: 概括推測類 應試技巧： 聽懂關鍵詞 stay here for just another minute ；look up something；以及第二人的shelf 。 難度評價：偏簡單 本題從兩人的對話中推斷出對話發生在哪里；從第一人的查閱（look up something）；到第二人的 shelf 可推斷出該對話發生在library等地方。 5. D . She didn’t get a favourable seat 話題分布：劇院演出 提問類型：推理 應試技巧：抓住關鍵詞 hardly see, stage, seat 難度評價：偏簡單 從see, stage, seat可以看出對話發生地點是劇院，但hardly告訴我們這位女士由于位置關系不能很好的看清舞臺表演。所以很自然選出She didn’t get a favourable seat. 6.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast 話題分布: 飲食類 提問類型: 概括推測類 應試技巧：第二人原則；but后面是重點,聽懂skip。 難度評價：偏簡單 本題從女士的角度看，關鍵是想說自己早飯經常不吃,所以選The woman doesn’t have breakfast。 7．B. Planting vegetables. 1.話題分布: 種植 2提問類型: 事件判斷 3應試技巧：抓住關鍵詞seeds, soil, tomatoes, cucumbers 4.難度評價：偏簡單 本題從關鍵字seeds, soil, tomatoes, cucumbers即可得知是在田地里面或者家中花園里干活，Planting vegetables。 8. C. The man may have another chance 話題分布: 職業類 提問類型: 概括推測類 應試技巧：把握關鍵詞don’t take it so hard與something else 難度評價：難度中等 本題從女士的語氣以及對話細節內容都比較容易判斷是在安慰男士，同時考察了考生們對于“turn down”以及“turn up” 等詞組的理解和把握。 9. C. A vehicle is polluting the air 話題分布: 電話交流 提問類型: 概括推測類 應試技巧：語氣與詞匯一起判斷，依據事實判斷�！癈lean Air Hotline”和“smoky” 給出了正確答案的暗示，然后選擇意義最相近的答案。 難度評價：簡單 本題從男士的語氣以及文本內容來看，可以了解到在King Street有一輛汽車出了狀況 “smoky”，在冒煙，而接聽電話的是“Clean Air Hotline”的職員，面對選項，不難聯想到環境污染，A vehicle is polluting the air。 10. A. Its ending is not good enough 話題分布: 日常交流類 提問類型: 評價，影評 應試技巧：本題考到了虛擬語氣，這個男的說如果不是最后一個部分的話這個電影可以獲獎。 難度評價：偏難 本題從男士的語氣以及文本內容來看，知道該男士認為這部電影的最后一部分不是很好，所以答案如果有so-so, not so good, normal或者句子the last part is not so satisfying之類的選項可以選，密碼對選項，我們看到有A. Its ending is not good enough，符合推斷。 II.Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Passage (1) Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 真題： 11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.
Passage (2)
Section C Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Long conversation (1) 真題：
原文： Long Conversation 1 M: Shirley, I’m working on our class dairy for next week. Would you please give me the information? W: Sure! First, it’s the deadline for after-class activity application. The deadline is next Monday, June 14th. M: Monday, June 14th. W: Yes. Then on Wednesday, that’s the 16th, all classmates have to hand in 3 student photos. M: 3 student photos. W: Okay. Next is the basketball club meeting. It’s on the 17th. M: The basketball club meeting on the 17th. And where will they meet? W: At the stadium. M: And at what time? W: From 12:45 to 1:30 pm. M: Right. W: Then the last thing is about filling in a form with up-to-date personal data. Our class needs to go to the computer-room during the morning break on the 18th. M: Ok, the morning break on the 18th. W: Aw! Wait a minute! I made a mistake. It should be during the lunch break. M: Got it. W: Thank you! 答案與解析： 17.Deadline 18. photos 19.stadium 20. Lunch 話題分布: 行程計劃類 應試技巧：對話是關于class diary中的事件以及每個事件對應的時間、地點等細節信息。考生要注意聽女士提供的信息；注意事件的時間地點；注意利用序數詞的提示，進行信息分層。 難度評價：簡單。 17. Deadline�？忌梢浴癮fter-class activity application”最為參照，前面出現的詞是deadline。同時，后一句話中“The deadline is next Monday, June 14th”又重復了這個重點詞。 18. photos。預讀題目時，可以先判斷本題是與發生在16日周三的事件，考生可以利用時間為信號詞，應不難聽出“Then on Wednesday, that’s the 16th, all classmates have to hand in 3 student photos”因此，填photos。 19. stadium。預讀題目時，可以先判斷本題考查 Basketball Club meeting發生的地點，重點聽地點類詞匯，不難填出stadium。 20. Lunch。本題考查細節，更新個人信息的具體時間。注意對話中先給出了錯誤的時間：早上休息時。后來又更正了時間：午飯休息時。只要細心聽完對話內容，應不易出錯。 Long conversation (2) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
真題： 聽力原文： M: The guest for today is Sue Walter. She is a famous judge in court. Good morning, Sue. W: Good morning, Sean. I am glad to be here today. M：Your new book, My World, will be published next week. Would you please tell us the theme of your book? W: Well, I want people who have challenges in their lives to believe that despite their difficulties, they can still accomplish a lot. One of my suggestions is to always ask for help. M: Right, what's the best part about being a judge in court? W: Having a voice in the decision-making process. There is something extremely satisfying about that. M: You've been on the children's program. So, how do you explain your job to kids? W: I give a very simplified version of what a judge does. I talked to them about how the law helps people solve their problems. M: What's your idea of happiness? W: I think it would be the satisfaction of enjoying things with others, meaning when you are giving to others, whether it's time, attention, a gift, anything, just those moments of sharing. M: Thank you, Sue. 答案與解析： 21.a(famous) judge 22.Asking for help 23.Having a voice 24.Sharing (with others) 話題分布：名人訪談類 應試技巧：在聽力前因及時把題目瀏覽一遍，才能及時抓住文章的考點。 注意人物身份，及一些關鍵的信息點。 難度評價：簡單 21. a(famous) judge。本題考點是訪談人物的身份，其實是整段對話的中心，談話就是圍繞法官的身份展開。 22. Asking for help。考生要注意聽男士的提問，答案在One of my suggestions is to always ask for help這句。答題時應該將ask改為動名詞形式。本題考查信息捕捉，因此應集中在特定的詞匯上。本題的重點詞匯是difficulties和suggestions，應抓住這兩個單詞在聽力過程中尋找答案。 23. Having a voice。考生要注意聽男士的提問，注意關鍵信息，關鍵詞是best part。根據“Right, what's the best part about being a judge in court? Having a voice in the decision-making process”這里的一問一答可知道答案。 24. Sharing (with others) 。本題有很大的迷惑性。答案雖然在最后一段話中，但有多個選項，出現“enjoying things with others，giving to others，moments of sharing”。應以聽明白為答題的前提，推導出“enjoying things with others，giving to others”其實都被包含在sharing中，因此答案是sharing。 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 真題： (A) Bags of Love Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries. After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly— we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children. I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out? When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was. 答案與解析： 25. Wondering 26. what 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before 31. from 32. how 25. Wondering。該題主要考查非謂語的用法。作者想知道母親為何這么快消耗了食物，因此他就觀察母親的日常行為。主動用動詞的ing形式。 26. what。該題主要考查主語從句的用法，what happened truly amazed me。what happened充當主語。發生的事情令我很震驚。 27. which。該題主要考查非限制性定語從句的用法，She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in which she distributed it to children. in which 指的是in the refugee camp難民營。 28. had done。該題主要考查時態的用法。聯系上下文，作者的母親為什么不想告訴孩子她之前做的事情？過去的過去，用過去完成時。 29. buying。該題主要考查非謂語的用法。stop doing 停止做某事。 30. Before。該題主要考查時間狀句語從句的用法。稍微有點難度，考生要好好理解上下文。 31. from。該題主要考查介詞的用法。keep a secret from sb. 對某人保密。 32. how。該題主要考查賓語從句的用法�？忌枰I會作者的心情，母親如此的無私，作者非常感動。 真題： (B) Stress: Good or Bad? Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed. In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you. To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. 答案與解析： 33. has been regarded 34. that 35. better 36. a 37. you 38. annoyed 39. control 40. to get 33. has been regarded 。本題考查時態語態。 in recent years 表示在最近幾年里，且壓力被認為是一系列醫學問題的原因，因此本題用現在完成時的被動形式。 34. that。本題考查強調句結構，強調句的結構是it is +被強調部分+that+其他。 35. better。本題考查形容詞比較級，the more..., the more...的句型，理解為“盡管在某種程度下，壓力越大，你的表現越好”。 36. a 。本題考查冠詞。根據上下文，此處理解為許多問題， a number of 表示許多。 37. you。本題考查代詞， expect of 表示對...的期待，此處沒有提示詞，由此可見此空應該填虛詞，結合上下文， 這句話的意思是“你是否覺得自己被他人賦予了太多期望而因此壓力大？”， 所以，此空填you，表示你自己。 38. annoyed 。本題考查非謂語的用法，分詞的ed結構表示感到...的，get annoyed with sb. 表示對某人感到惱怒的。 39. control。本題考查had better的用法，had better do sth.。 40. to get。本題考查非謂語的用法， be likely to do sth. , 此處用不定式做賓語，表示有可能做某事。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 真題：
Golden Rules of Good Design What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows. Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary42 . More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles. Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed. From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer HartmutEsslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush. 答案與解析： 41. D 42.E 43.J 44.G 45.C 46.H 47.B 48.F 49.A 50.K 41. D capture。解析：try to do sth.，這里填動詞原形。原句意為：數年來，設計師和藝術家都在嘗試捕捉/得到（獲知）好設計的本質。 42. E decorations。解析：形容詞后跟名詞。前面說要以簡潔有效的方式傳達美，設計需要避免不必要的裝飾，即避免浮華。 43. J soulless 。解析：選擇形容詞，且根據句意理解是表示負面評價的形容詞。如果簡約性處理不好，設計就沒有靈魂。 44. G experiment 。解析：begin to do sth.，選擇動詞原形。根據上下文理解，為了實現藝術品簡約而美的特性，后現代設計師開始再次實驗探索將裝飾和色彩結合。 45. C appliances。解析：ovens and kettles都是廚房用具kitchen appliances。 46. H intended。解析：intend，為特殊目的而設計。這里指，產品的功能應該匹配它的設計初衷。 47. B adjustable。解析：名詞前接形容詞；此外，后邊的regular adjustments也是個提醒。 48. F direct。解析：need to do sth，選擇動詞原形。direct，及物動詞，指向。意為按需要的方向調節臺燈。 49. A account。解析：固定搭配，take sth into account,考慮到某事。這里將賓語后置了，原句應該是take the sensory side of our nature into account。 50. K squeeze。解析：allow sb to do sth, 允許某人做某事，應該選動詞原形。squeeze the toothpaste onto our brush，將牙膏擠在牙刷上。 改編來源： https://speckyboy.com/2012/07/10/the-10-golden-rules-of-simple-clean-design/
III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 真題： In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now-famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work. In any case, despite so much evidence to the52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (專制的) managers. Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot. A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授權) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less. Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them. 51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme 53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise 54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above 55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging 56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply 57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression 58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male 59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing 60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared 62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally 63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure 64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene 65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness 答案與解析： 51-55 DABDC 56-60 BADAC 61-65 BBDAC 51. D dislike。該題不難，主要考查學生是否有把前后文聯系起來的能力。該題選dislike ，是由后文“and will do anything to avoid it.”得來的。 52. A contrary。該題與上題類似，是上下文聯系能力與語法知識的綜合考查。由段一可知X理論和Y理論是兩個相反的理論。且由despite可知主從句內容相反，故答案為contrary。 53. B for example。第二段第一句是一個概括句，與該句講的都是同一件事情，該句是對第一句的舉例說明。不可能是表轉折的詞，故該題選for example。 54. D above。該題考查的是聯系上下文的能力及above的用法�！皌hat decisions must be imposed from above without consultation”句意為決策一定是由上級強制執行而不經過討論。above有上級的意思。如，an order from above上級的命令。 55. C managing。文章第一段以麥格雷戈兩大管理理論引出對管理員工的討論。全文都在討論員工管理問題，故該題選managing 。 56. B contribute。該題所在句破折號后面的內容是對“the consultative nature of decision-making” 的解釋說明，并且前文有“Unlike authoritarian management”的信息點作為提示。因此，需要部門或工作小組所有的人員都在決策制定過程中做貢獻，故該題選contribute。 57. A agreement。第二段主要介紹了專制性管理，而第三段開始描述亞洲的民主決策的管理方式。本句提到西方模仿亞洲的管理方式。而這種管理方式需要得到大多數管理人員的認同，故答案為agreement。 58. D male。由前半句中“Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men”的信息可以判斷這里談論的是成為高效的管理人員，女士與男士相比的優勢所在，故該題選擇male。 59. A asking。從前半句得知：最近的趨勢是鼓勵雇員發揮主動性，即做自己做決定而不需要先詢問管理人員。故選擇asking。 60.C reducing。該題所在句冒號后的內容是用來解釋downsizing的意思。downsizing是縮小規模的意思，故該空選擇reducing。即減少公司的管理層人數。 61. B left。由上文得知，對管理層的人員進行削減自然會導致公司只剩下a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees。所以選left。 62. B traditionally。該題考查上聯系下文能力。綜合理解，empowerment是一中新的管理傾向，因此much further 自然是和傳統的管理方式進行比較，其它選項不具有干擾性。 63. D ensure。授權和委托意味著新的管理模式來保證業務計劃的進行，這里to do 表示目的，to ensure 即表示為了保證總體業務計劃的進行。 64. A virtual。另外的一種趨勢及off-site，這里有or，說明該單詞與off-site并列，但不知道off-site詞義也沒關系，根據后文teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知，這種管理方式不是傳統的公司管理，而是通過互聯網，因此A選項表示虛擬的，符合題意。 65. C performance。由后文可知，管理人員是通過what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them來evaluate（評價）員工的表現，故選擇performance。 改編來源：
Section B Direction：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
真題： （B） Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. 3.5℃ This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction. 2℃ To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species. 1.5℃ This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking. 0.8℃ This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point. 0℃ The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age. 70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______. A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020 B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming 71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100? A. The human population would increase by one third. B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist. C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets. D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached. 72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______. A. 0.8℃ B. 1.5℃ C. 2℃ D. 3.5℃ 答案與解析： 70-72 DDB 70. D 本題為主旨大意題，第一段大意是人類從發現自己的行為與氣候變化有聯系以來一直采取措施減少二氧化碳排放從而減緩氣候變暖。本題很容易，選項ABC很容易排除。 71. D 本題為細節題，可以用數字2100進行定位。按照巴黎協定進行減排溫度還是會上升3.5℃，而最小的目標是2℃。選項A人口增加沒有提到，選項B文中提到的是海濱城市的物種，選項C與文意相悖。 72. B 本題為細節題，讓海平面低的島國幸存下來，溫度最多只能升高1.5℃。文中第三段提到的溫度上升2℃會使一些島國下沉，第四段以一個地勢低的國家Kiribati為例指出溫度上升控制在1.5℃可以挽救這個國家。 來源：應該是關于*2015巴黎氣候協定*(Paris Agreement)的。因為涉及到的國家比較多，提出的要求也較高，所以在去年開會時爭論比較激烈。從1997的*京都議定書* （Kyoto Protocol）開始，世界性的環境保護峰會曾多次展開，也包括之前的哥本哈根氣候峰會（Copenhagen Summit）。相關的新聞報道，論壇文章，以及學術文章都很多：比如EU 的官方homepage, BBC以及Scientificameirican都有相關的報道和評述。 真題： (C) Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data. The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (認證標記) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. “The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original. It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says. Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them. 73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to? A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to. B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites. C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly. D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms. 74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______. A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models 75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______. A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old B. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C. the information they collected could become more valuable in future D. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of 76. The writer advises users of social media to _______. A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C. take no further action if they can find a kitemark D. avoid providing too much personal information 77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Say no to social media? B. New security rules in operation? C. Accept without reading? D. Administration matters! 答案與解析： 73. A 74. B 75. D 76. B 77. C 73. A。細節題。根據原文第二段“...firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts ”，使用社交媒體時，這些網絡公司會讓使用者在使用該社交媒體前同意某協議，類似于簽署法律合同的性質。故選A。 74. B。細節題。根據原文第五段，Nigel Shadbolt這個人名首次出現；他認為如果人們參與了這項調查，會認為他們自己會關注這個認證標識；但緊接著，最后一句what would happen in practice is another matter，指出實際操作可能是另一回事，暗示與人們想當然的認為相反。故選B。 75. D。細節題。根據原文倒數第三段，Miller認為，社交媒體需要關注是因為新；另外，“我們尚不清楚孩子們在社交媒體上做的不理智的事情將來會有什么長期影響�！惫蔬xD。 76. B 。細節題。根據原文最后兩句，如果得到有效監管，認證標識可以幫助人們確切了解他們簽訂了什么協議，但前提還是建議大家真正去讀一讀。故選B。 77. C。歸納概括題。根據原文，作者沒有否定社交媒體，故排除A；而是呼吁社交媒體使用者們在簽署使用協議前，可以仔細閱讀一下協議的內容。由此可排除其他選項，故選C。 真題： Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(擁堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations. In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour. A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times. It could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years. According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side. A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.” Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4m high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5m to ban walking. The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period. In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing. (Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left? 79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove? 80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height. 81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________. 答案與解析： 78. The majority of escalators hasn’t been made full use of. 79. It proved that passengers can go quicker by standing still. 80. 18.5m 81. standing only and a mix of walking and standing 78. The majority of escalators hasn’t been made full use of. 細節題。根據原文第三段“only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.”得知“左行右立”的方案使得高峰時期很多人等在左側，而右側留出大部分空間，導致電梯未被充分利用。本題的難度在于理解和歸納。 79. It proved that passengers can go quicker by standing still. 細節題。根據原文第四段，Peter McNaught認為“It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true.”正確答案并不難歸納。 80. 18.5m。細節題。根據原文第五段“Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5m to ban walking.”得知18.5m以上的電梯若禁止行走能更有效地充分利用電梯。換句話說，高度至少是18.5m以上的電梯應在高峰時期禁止行走。 81. standing only and a mix of walking and standing。細節題。根據原文最后一段，“…one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.”得知試驗中一共有三種電梯，一種是“standing only”，還有一種是“banning walking at peak times”，第三種是“a mix of walking and standing”。本題題干中提到的是第二種，所以答案應該是第一和第三種。本題難點在于考查學生是否夠仔細。 來源：
第II卷(共47分) I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能見報。（hope） 2.二十世紀末中國經濟迅速發展。（witness） 3.為買一雙運動鞋而通宵排隊有意義嗎？（point） 4.雖然當時我年幼，不理解這部電影的含義，但我記得我的家人都感動得落淚了。（too…to…） 5.我阿姨苦讀四年之后獲得了文憑，那一刻她欣喜萬分。（The moment…） 答案及解析： 1. I really hope that my article will be published in a newspaper someday. 2. The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China’s economy. 3. What is the point of/in lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes? / Is there any point (in) lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes? 4. Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film, I remember my family were moved to tears. 5. The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy 第1題，考查了hope加從句的最基本用法，成語“有朝一日”翻譯成someday即可，能見報理解為在報紙上出版，所以可以翻譯成“be published in a newspaper” 第2題，考查了“witness”表示“見證”的用法，此處用時間“the late twentieth century”做主語。 第3題，考查了“point”的意思，是意義；“通宵”的翻譯即the whole night；另外對句意的理解，本題既可以理解成“有沒有意義？”，翻譯成一般疑問句，也可以理解成“有什么意義？”，翻譯成特殊疑問句 第4題，考查了too…to…的用法，太…以至于不能…；感動到落淚應是“be moved to tears” 第5題，考查了“The moment”表示那一刻，獲得文憑gain the diploma；欣喜萬分be filled with joy。 II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假設你是中華中學學生姚平，最近參加了一項研究性學習調研，課題為“父母是否以子女為榮”。通過調研你校學生及其父母，結果發現雙方對此問題的看法有差異（數據如圖所示）。根據圖表寫一份報告，在報告中，你必須： 1. 描述調研數據； 2. 分析可能導致這一結果的原因。 |
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新概念II全冊進階迷你班（155807） 主講人：俞博珺 時間：每周五 18:30-21:00 
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