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TOEFL Junior考試（初中托福）的閱讀理解部分一般由7篇文章組成，每篇文章長度約200-350個單詞，根據每篇文章的長度，對應4-9道題不等，考試時間為50分鐘。

閱讀文章大部分來自北美初高中學生的閱讀能力范圍之內的一些報紙，雜志等，體裁形式多樣，如邀請函，電子郵件，海報，表格，小冊子，時間表，新聞故事，說明文，議論文等。文章涉及的范圍也具有國際范，涵蓋藝術，人文，科學等，比如關于某種瀕危動物的介紹，關于大氣，宇宙的科普性說明，語言發展歷史的學術報告等。

對于小托福的考生們，或未來必將走出國門的中國學生們來說，提高閱讀能力是遲早的事，因為美國名校十分青睞閱讀能力強的中國學生，比如SAT考試（申請美國大學名校和獎學金的重要參考），同樣的總分，如果閱讀成績達到750分以上，那么申請名校和獎學金的成功率最大。而閱讀成績低于700分，那么申請美國綜合排名前10的大學幾率就較低。

閱讀能力的高低取決于：閱讀速度和閱讀范圍，建議多閱讀一些英文小說，報紙，雜志等，我們的博客專欄特別開設了小托福大智慧--閱讀系列，幫助中國學生們通過讀文章，讀出知識面，讀出詞匯量，讀出閱讀能力。

　　An Amazonian tribe has been discovered that has no concept of time or dates, scientists have said. Professor Chris Sinha, of the University of Portsmouth, led the research which found that the Amondawa people of Brazil do not even have words for "time", "week", "month" or "year"。

　　In his study, published in the journal Language and Cognition, he argues that it is the first time scientists have been able to prove time is not a deeply entrenched universal human concept, as previously thought.

　　Prof Sinha said: "For the Amondawa, time does not exist in the same way as it does for us. We can now say without doubt that there is at least one language and culture which does not have a concept of time as something that can be measured, counted or talked about in the abstract." This doesn't mean that the Amondawa are 'people outside time', but they live in a world of events, rather than seeing events as being embedded in time."

　　Team members including linguist Wany Sampaio and anthropologist Vera da Silva Sinha, spent eight weeks with the Amondawa researching how their language conveys concepts like "next week" or "last year". There were no words for such concepts, only divisions of day and night and rainy and dry seasons. They also found nobody in the community had an age. Instead, they change their names to reflect their life stage and position within their society. For example a little child will give up their name to a newborn sibling and take on a new one.

　　Prof Sinha said: "For these Amondawa people time isn't money, they aren't racing against the clock to complete anything, and nobody is discussing next week or next year; they don't even have words for 'week', 'month' or 'year'. You could say they enjoy a certain freedom."

Comprehension

1. What do you think a linguist (paragraph 4) studies into?

A. time

B. language

C. ancient events

D. human behavior

2. What can we learn from the example in the 4th paragraph?

A. how the Amondawa people know about time

B. how the Amondawa people distinguish day from night

C. why the Amondawa people change their names

D. how the Amondawa people know about their ages

3. What kind of concept can the Amondawa people tell of the following choices?

A. age

B. time

C. date

D. day and night

4. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. the life in Amondawa tribe

B. the behavior. of Amondawa people

C. the life stage and position within Amondawa people

D. the lack of the concept of time in Amondawa tribe

Background Information

研究人員發現，巴西亞馬遜叢林中有一個名叫阿莫達瓦的部落，那里的人沒有時間概念。在他們的語言中沒有“時間”、“星期”、“月”和“年”等詞語，只區分白天、黑夜、旱季和雨季。該部落的人們也沒有年齡，而是根據每個人所處的生長階段和在部落中的地位不斷變換名字。比如，一個孩子長到一定階段后就要換一個名字，他原來的名字就由新出生的小孩繼續沿用。研究人員表示，這一發現說明時間并不是全球人們通用的一個計時概念；阿莫達瓦部落的人們不像我們這樣受時間的負累，他們享受的是自由的生活。

Vocabulary

tribe n. 部落

entrenched  adj. 確定的，確立的

embed v. 把……嵌入

linguist  n. 語言學家

anthropologist n. 人類學家

convey v. 表達，傳達

sibling n. 兄弟姐妹

Keys to the comprehension

1.       B 由第四段得知關鍵詞language（...researching how their language conveys concepts like...)，linguist指語言學家，lingual為語言的前綴。

2.      C 由第四段for example上句可得，部落里的人沒有年齡，根據生命所處階段以及在部落中的地位更名字。

3.      D 由第四段得知，...only divisions of day and night and rainy and dry seasons...

4.      D 中心思想題，本文主要闡述了Amondawa這一部落對時間概念的缺失